Assessment of seabed litter at Concepción Seamount (Canary island) using a remotely operated towed vehicle.

The seafloor is recognised as a major sink for marine litter. However, studies conducted in this compartment addressing marine litter densities and its interactions with fauna are scarce, mainly due to sampling constraints. In this paper, we assess marine litter density, composition and interactions with marine communities and evaluate its relationship with fishing activities at the "Banco de la Concepción" seamount (Canary Islands, Spain). We took advantage of underwater video records taken with a Remotely Operated Towed Vehicle in the framework of the LIFE IP INTEMARES project. A total of 56 video transects were analysed covering about 9 km with 19 h of video recording. Transects were categorised as high, low, and null fishing effort based on the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) positional data registered between 2009 and 2017. Litter items were recorded in 70% of the transects with a mean density of 2122 (±2464) items km-2. There were significant differences in litter densities over the three levels of fishing pressure, with a density decrease from stations of high to stations of null fishing pressure. Regarding categories, plastic was by far the most abundant category found (83.1%), mainly consisting of fishing lines, both monofilaments and entangled longlines. The study of the interactions of marine litter with fauna showed that less than 20% of the items presented an interaction with benthic organisms either by causing or not a visible impact. The sponge Asconema setubalense accounted for more than half (57.4%) of all interactions, but only 5% of all A. setubalense specimens showed physical damage.

Interface dermatitis in skin lesions of Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease: a histopathological marker of evolution into systemic lupus erythematosus?

Kikuchi's disease (KD) is a self-limiting histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL). Cutaneous manifestations are frequent and usually show histopathological findings similar to those observed in the involved lymph nodes. HNL with superposed histological features to KD has been described in patients with lupus erythematosus (LE), and a group of healthy patients previously reported as having HNL may evolve into LE after several months. Up to date, features to predict which HNL patients will have a self-limiting disease and which could develop LE have been not identified. In order to clarify the characteristics of skin lesions associated with KD, we report a case of HNL with evolution into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a review of previous reports of KD with cutaneous manifestations. A 17-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of fever and generalised lymphadenopathy. A diagnosis of HNL was established based on a lymph node biopsy. One month later, she developed an erythematoedematous rash on her upper body, with histopathological findings of interface dermatitis. After 8 months, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) at titre of 1/320, anti-DNA-ds antibodies and marked decrease of complement levels were detected. During the following 2 years, she developed diagnostic criteria for SLE, with arthralgias, pleuritis, aseptic meningitis, haemolytic anaemia and lupus nephritis. To our knowledge, 27 cases of nodal and cutaneous KD have been reported, 9 of which later developed LE. In all these patients, the skin biopsy revealed interface dermatitis. Skin biopsy revealed a pattern of interface dermatitis in all reviewed KD cases, which evolved into LE. Even this histopathological finding was not previously considered significant; it might be a marker of evolution into LE.

Frecuencia de caries de la infancia temprana en una muestra de niños de 1 a 4 años de Santafé de Bogotá y exploración del riesgo de la lactancia prolongada, perfil familiar y entorno socioeconómico / Dental caries frequency of the early childhood in a sample of children form 1 to 4 years old in Bogota city and exploration of the risk of the prolonged lactation, familiar profile and socioeconomic surroundings

Propósito: El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar el porcentaje de niños entre 1 y 4 años de edad en una muestra de Santafé de Bogotá, que están afectados por la caries de la infancia temprana (CIT) y establecer la asociación de ésta con el perfil familiar, entorno socioeconómico, conocimiento del cuidado oral y lactancia prolongada. Método: 396 niós de 1 a 4 aós de edad en Santafé de Bogotá fueron examinados, y padres o acudientes entrevistados por tres examinadores previamente calibrados. Los posibles factores de riesgos se analizaron estableciendo la razón de disparidad (O.R) y la prueba de chi cuadrado, p<0.05. Las variables examinadas incluyeron aspectos clínicos, entorno socioeconómico, perfil familiar, conocimiento sobre salud oral y hábitos de lactancia. Resultados: El porcentaje de CIT fue de 11.3 para la población examinada. De la muestra total de el 86.6 tuvo lactancia prolongada, y solamente un 13.6 de este grupo presentó CIT. Se halló una asociación significativa entre CIT y género, estrato socioeconómico bajo, nivel educativo ninguno-primaria de los padres , forma de corrección física, pocos conocimientos sobre salud oral, y consulta al odontólogo para tratamiento. No se encontró una asociación entre CIT y perfil familiar. Conclusiones: El 11.3 de los niños presentaron caries de la infancia temprana en Santafé de Bogotá. La variable de mayor asociación se encontró entre CIT, nivel educativo de la madre y entorno socioeconómico. La asociación entre lactancia prolongada y caries de la infancia temprana fue más débil que las variables mencionadas, aunque hubo significancia estadística. Las variables en general, se encontraron en desventaja para el estrato socioeconómico bajo. El tratamiento y prevención de la caries de la infancia temprana deben tener un componente socioambiental , con programas dirigidos principalmente a los estratos menos favorecidos.

Amyloid goitre: CT and MR findings.

Two cases of amyloid goitre presented as an enlarged thyroid mass with cystic components. Solid parts of the goitre showed high attenuation on computed tomography (CT) and moderate hypointensity on T1 and T2-weighted images. Fine needle aspiration was negative for amyloid, but pathological studies of surgical specimens demonstrated amyloid infiltration of the thyroid interstitium and regressive colloid cysts. In a patient at risk for systemic amyloidosis, thyroid enlargement with a cystic component suggests amyloid goitre. In this case, needle biopsies should be directed to solid areas of the mass because amyloid material may not be present in the cysts.

Salivary gland anlage tumor ("congenital pleomorphic adenoma"). A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of nine cases.

Salivary gland anlage tumor (SGAT) is a polypoid lesion of the nasopharynx that presents with respiratory distress at birth or within the first few days or weeks of life. Among our nine cases, there was a male predilection (7M:2F). All tumors were in the midline and attached to the posterior pharyngeal wall by a delicate pedicle. The largest tumor measured 3 cm. A biphasic histologic pattern of squamous nests and duct-like structures at the periphery blended into solid, predominantly mesenchymal-appearing nodules centrally. The surrounding submucosal mantle of epithelial structures was consistently immunoreactive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, whereas the stromal-like cells of the central nodules showed variable immunopositivity for cytokeratin, vimentin, and muscle-specific actin. Both components were equally reactive for salivary gland amylase. Ultrastructurally, some of the stromal-like cells had features of myoepithelial cells. The histologic and architectural features of SGAT are similar in some respects to the developing salivary gland. It is proposed that the SGAT is a probable hamartoma of minor salivary gland derivation whose origin in the nasopharynx is potentially life-threatening in an infant.

[Topographic selectivity of Kaposi's sarcoma. General considerations and review of the literature]. / Selectividad topográfica del sarcoma de Kaposi. Consideraciones generales y revisión de la literatura.

Visceral involvement, particularly of the gastrointestinal tract is common in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's Sarcoma. A patient with AIDS and digestive Kaposi's Sarcoma who had lesions located in the mouth, pharynx and esophagus with a well-defined delimination to the esophago-gastric junction was studied A discussion and a review of the medical literature was made in order to find a physiopathological mechanism to explain this topographical selectivity.

[Caroli's disease. Presentation of 8 cases studied with ERCP]. / Enfermedad de Caroli. Aportación de ocho casos estudiados por CPRE.

Eight patients with Caroli's Disease are presented, studied by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from January 1976 through January 1990. In this period of time 1,525 procedures were carried out, this entity thus representing 0.52% of patients submitted to ERCP in our population. Six patients were females, being female: male ratio 3:1. Mean age was 52 years (range: 40-75). All patients presented a clinical history of recurring episodes of abdominal pain and/or crisis of cholangitis. In the ERCP carried out in these eight patients, cystic dilatation of intrahepatic left lobe bile ducts were confirmed in five patients, dilatation generalized to both lobes in two, and affecting exclusively the right lobe in one patient.